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国务院


国务院批转国家文物事业管理局关于文物特许出口管理试行办法的请示报告的通知(附英文)

1979年7月31日，国务院

通知
国务院同意国家文物事业管理局《关于文物特许出口管理试行办法的请示报告》，现转发给你们，请参照执行．

国家文物事业管理局关于《文物特许出口管理试行办法》的请示报告
随着党的工作着重点转移，如何使文物工作在加速我国＂四化＂建设中发挥应有的作用，这是我们当前的一项重要任务．根据国务院国发［1974］132号文件的规定和中央、国务院领导同志的指示精神，我们拟定了《文物特许出口管理试行办法》．
文物出口工作，一九六0年根据我国当时的实际情况并参考其它国家的经验，由文化部、外贸部、商业部联合制定了《文物出口鉴定标准》，按照不同文物的情况确定一九四九、一九一一、一七九五（乾隆六十年）三条界线．这个标准，在以后的实践中证明，对保护我国重要文物起了积极的作用．
随着我国文物考古事业的发展，对民间传世文物的收集和地下大批文物出土，除给家提供了许多珍贵藏品外，也还有不少重复和价值一般的文物，可以按照＂少出高汇，细水长流＂的方针，有组织、有计划地作特许出口，为国家争取外汇．为此，国务院一九七四年在132号文件中，针对这个问题作出＂乾隆六十年以前的一般文物，经国家文物事业管理局特许批准者可以出口＂的规定，但由于＂四人帮＂的干扰破坏未能进行．
在拟定这个＂办法＂时，考虑到品种多，价值和存量又各不相同，在＂办法＂中很难规定具体项目和数量．我们认为参照博物馆藏品分类标准并限定在三级以下，比较容易掌握．这样既可保证重要的文物得到保护，不致外流，又可用比较好一点的少量文物换取较多的外汇．
文物采用特许的形式出口，就不宜搞的次数过多、批量过大，否则就不能达到预期的目的．我们设想，在近几年内，每年搞两、三次．这一工作，拟由我局文物商店总店统筹办理．
特许文物出口工作，思想性、政治性很强，涉及到党的政治、经济、文化和外交政策，最容易使人敏感，稍有不慎就会引起国内外的各种反响，因此必须谨慎从事，严肃对待．我们现在这方面的工作还缺乏经验，要在实践中不断总结，加以改进提高．
以上报告和＂办法＂如无不当，请批转国务院各有关部委和各省、自治区、直辖市参照执行．

文物特许出口管理试行办法（一九七九年七月三十一日国务院批准）
一、根据国务院批转外贸部、商业部、文物局《关于加强文物商业管理和贯彻执行文物保护政策的意见》第一项＂乾隆六十年以前的一般文物，经国家文物事业管理局特许批准者可以出口＂的规定，制定本办法．
二、凡是特许出口的文物，一定要严格掌握，以在政治上不引起不良效果，不泄露国家机密为原则．根据国际文物市场变动情况，抓住有利的时机，以出口少量的文物，换取较多的外汇，支援社会主义四个现代化的建设．
三、特许出口文物（包括传世和出土文物）标准：（一）重复相同存量过多的；（二）对考古发掘出土的地下文物出口，必须在完成科研任务之后，在国内无保留价值的；（三）符合上述两项条件的，还必须参照国家制定的博物馆分类鉴定标准，严格限定在三级以下（包含三级）；（四）鉴定出口文物时，对于一时真伪难辨或有不同意见的器物，均暂不出口，以免不慎使重要文物外流．
四、文物特许出口工作，责成文物商店总店统筹办理．所需的 文物由各地文物部门提供．文物商店总店在特许出口前，应将文物项目和数量，开列清单，提交文物鉴定委员会对文物的年代、真伪、价值提出学术鉴定结论．最后经国家文物局审查批准，签发《文物出口特许证》．
五、特许出口的文物，经国家文物局批准后，文物总店应会同外贸部门，共同研究，商定具体的出口方式和价格．凡属采取公开销售方式的，应本着对国家有利的原则，既可委托外贸部门单独销售，又可由文物部门的文物商店进行．

TRIAL MEASURES FOR CONTROL OF THE EXPORT OF CULTURAL RELICS WITHSPECIAL PERMISSION

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
TRIAL MEASURES FOR CONTROL OF THE EXPORT OF CULTURAL RELICS WITH
SPECIAL PERMISSION
(Approved and promulgated by the State Council of the People's
Republic of China on July 31, 1979)
1. These Measures are formulated in accordance with the provision that
"ordinary cultural relics in existence before the Sixtieth Year of the
Reign of Emperor Qian Long of the Qing Dynasty may, subject to the special
permission of the State Administrative Bureau of Museums and
Archaeological Materials, be exported" contained in the first point of the
Recommendations on Strengthening the Commercial Administration of Cultural
Relics and Implementing the Policy for the Protection of Cultural Relics,
which was submitted by the Ministry of Foreign Trade, the Ministry of
Commerce and the State Administration for Protection of Cultural Relics
and which has been approved and transmitted by the State Council for
implementation.
2. The specially permitted export of cultural relics shall be strictly
controlled in accordance with the principle of causing no adverse
political effects and no leakage of State secret. It is imperative to act
in accordance with the changes in the international cultural relics market
and seize upon the favourable opportunities in order that the export of a
small quantity of cultural relics will bring in a relatively great amount
of foreign exchange so as to support the development of the socialist four
modernizations.
3. The criteria for cultural relics (including those passed down from
former generations and those unearthed) that may, with special permission,
be exported are as follows: (1) they shall be those of which there are
large numbers of replicas and which are overstocked; (2) they shall be
those unearthed during archaeological excavation which, after the
completion of the tasks of scientific research, are no longer in value for
domestic preservation; (3) they shall be those which, in addition to
satisfying the conditions set forth in items (1) and (2), are strictly
below the third-class (inclusive) as specified in the classified criteria
of assessment for museums formulated by the State; and (4) in assessing
cultural relics to be exported, any objects whose authenticity is hard to
determine at the moment or disputable shall not be exported for the time
being so that the outflow of important cultural relics out of carelessness
can be avoided.
4. The head office of the antique shops is hereby enjoined to handle in a
unified way the work with respect to the export of cultural relics as
specially permitted. The cultural relics needed shall be supplied by the
departments for cultural relics in the various localities. The head office
of the antique shops shall, prior to the specially permitted export of
cultural relics, make a list of the items of the cultural relics concerned
and the quantities thereof and submit the list to the Cultural Relics
Assessment Panel, which shall put forward their conclusions drawn from the
academic assessment of the listed cultural relics as to their respective
ages, authenticity and value. The list shall finally be subject to the
examination and approval of the State Administration for Protection of
Cultural Relics, which shall then issue a Special Permit for Export of
Cultural Relics.
5. With respect to cultural relics that may, with special permission, be
exported, the head office of the antique shops shall, after the State
Administration for Protection of Cultural Relics has approved the export
thereof, conduct studies in conjunction with the relevant foreign trade
department and determine through consultation the specific mode(s) of
export and the prices. If the mode of open sales is adopted, the sales
operations may, in accordance with the principle of benefiting the State
as much as possible, be exclusively entrusted to the foreign trade
departments or be handled by the antique shops under the department for
cultural relics.